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Roy Bhaskars Theory of Critical Realism

Roy Bhaskars Theory of Critical Realism Step by step instructions to Change Reality: Story versus Structure Debate between Rom Harre and Roy Bhaskar Roy Bhaskar (15 May 1944 19 November 2014) was a British rationalist, eminent as the initiator of the philosophical development of Critical Realism. He was a World Scholar at the Institute of Education, University College London. Basic Realism (CR) is an integrative metatheory established during the 1970s by Roy Bhaskar with the distribution of fundamental works in the way of thinking of science and sociology, for example, A Realist Theory of Science, The Plausibility of Naturalism, and Scientific Realism and Human Emancipation. Bhaskars thought of the ways of thinking of science and sociology brought about the improvement of Critical Realism. The term Critical Realism was not at first utilized by Bhaskar. The way of thinking started life as what Bhaskar called Transcendental Realism in A Realist Theory of Science (1975), which he reached out into the sociologies as Critical Naturalism in The Possibility of Naturalism (1978). The term Critical Realism is an elision of Transcendental Realism and Critical Naturalism, that has been in this manner acknowledged by Bhaskar in the wake of being proposed by others, incompletely due to its proper meanings; Critical Realism imparts certain measurements to German Critical Theory. In this article Roy Bhaskar recognize post innovation, social constructionism, Critical Realism and Dialectical Critical Realism. He has talked about Rom and Charlies perspective on Social Constructionism and Critical Realism in a persuasive setting. The main thing Bhaskar talked about, is the manner by which Rom and Charlie guarded post modernization and social constructionism. Further, Bhaskar gave a persuasive setting on Roms work, expressing that his all works finishes in a reductionism, yet before giving vernacular on Roms point. Bhaskar gives a drawn out clarification to postmodernists saying that the truth is a social develop. Bhaskar began clarifying postmodernism. As indicated by Bhaskar, Reality is a build of talk, the content, the discussion, or on the off chance that you like, individuals or even force relations. Bhaskar further condemned Roms double angle reasoning of social reality. In which he expressed how Rom gives two distinct articulations in various modes. As per Bhaskar, when Rom is in Vygotskian mode he says that social the truth is a build of discussion. That is on the grounds that Roms thoughts are nearest as to Lev Vygotsky. Bhaskar further included that when Rom is in humanist mode, he says it is a devel op of individuals. Both postmodernist and Rom concurred that social the truth is applied, to which Bhaskar likewise concurred and declared further that is it not thorough of anything, regardless of whether its kin, amazing points of interest, talk or content. As indicated by Bhaskar, fascinating thing about persuasive basic authenticity is that it takes the rationalization a phase further. Bhaskars persuasive basic authenticity dismisses any kind of reductionism. He attested that there is no condition among social and the applied or social and the people. He at that point gave delayed depiction about calculated second in human life. He at that point talked about the association with human opportunity and they have a rationalistic universalisabilty of shaping a judgment. As indicated by Bhaskar, people have a dream of good society where the free improvement of one is the condition with the expectation of complimentary advancement of all, by this announcement free advancement (- - ), he is attesting that human needs an uncouth society, the free improvement of each, the individual freedom and opportunity to work of every individual takes into account the structure of a superior society. He further declared that being people, we are increasin gly worried about the elements that influences our opportunity and we ought to dispose of those variables, for example, Nazism (The belief system and practice of the Nazis, particularly the approach of bigot patriotism, national extension, and state control of the economy), organization and free enterprise. He said that we should protect our circumstance by considering our being and presence in an increasingly genuine way and it is on the grounds that we need to spare the circumstance and need to take ontological (nature of being, turning out to be, presence, or reality, just as the fundamental classifications of being and their relations) question essentially of whether structures, regardless of whether oblivious or social, are genuine. Bhaskar depicts from a basic pragmatist angle that how postmodernist prevent presence from securing direct article to being. Bhaskar attested that postmodernist typically says that they are not denying that things exist however they simply state and says that they cannot utter a word about these things. However, Critical Realism has indicated philosophical position, or logical position, or social position, all require a specific general state of the world. He included that on the off chance that we are confined human information to that which can be seen by the faculties, we will accept that social structures and social structures are permanent however in the event that we resemble Habermas (German humanist and thinker in the custom of basic hypothesis and sober mindedness.) in his record of nature that we will set up bogus obstruction among nature and society. Bhaskar attested nature is an extraordinary thing, which isn't represented by laws, system or structures and he concurred wi th Roms words on nature that we are allowed to reexamine it very morning.Bhaskar included that Rom and Charles are not postmodernist; they don't accept reality, in that capacity, is a social build. In any case, in their Social Constructivism , their perspectives on social presence decreases to discussion or individuals. They have given model that one thing can be reliant on numerous components for example Does the food rely just upon cook? No. It relies upon different components like utensils, fixings, assets that he/she is given by the specialists, to which Bhaskar included that the cook more likely than not made progressively more delicious food if there would have been more spending plan. Here, Bhaskar needed to demonstrate a point that we are compelled by different factor and we can improve without limitations. Bhaskar then lingo Rom and Charles thought of reexamining society. He condemned that why Rom and Charles don't reexamine a superior sort of society if its so natural? He at that point additionally clarified with a case of Oxford College, that how colleagues can choose how much wine they can drink and the amount to store for the following year. By this he implies how colleagues can change rules time to time. Be that as it may, at that point an Oxford school is dependent upon government account, if secretly supplied, to financial exchange variances. By this model Bhaskar depicts how things can be controlled utilizing imperatives and how things would go about as an incredible requirement. Bhaskar further clarifies social structure and causal forces. He clarifies how operator, factor or vehicle, anything that impacts the course of occasions here and there, is the rules for causality. He included the individuals are extremely uncommon however what individuals can do in a specific social setting must be analyzed experimentally. He says we ought to acknowledge the obliging structures on the off chance that we need human opportunity and we ought not deny it. To this, Bhaskar tongue Roms proclamation that social structures can't be imitated with the exception of by human movement. He further attested what Rom has said is an essential head and is regular to both his(Bhaskars) transformational model of social movement and Giddens hypothesis of structuration. Yet, there is a significant contrast between the two models in ethical quality of which can't be compared, which Maggie Archer specifically has called attention to. Bhaskar, with respect to his transformational model affi rms how we, people are shackled of doing anything new and are assailed by the previous structures, that limit us. He attested that principal Aristotelian model of society is right. Proficient causality assumes material causality; it surmises a prior material reason. What's more, how we are vigorously troubled by remorseless nearness of the past in this social world. He at that point discusses the one which approves Rom and Charless model, is, the introduction of an infant, coming out of the belly, yet that as well, previous life in the belly and out of the belly too, pre-leaving thing are prepared, fixed, pre-given. Bhaskars articulation that at any snapshot of time we are vigorously obliged by previous structures is a correct hypothesis From Bhaskars perspective, Charles record of connection among individuals and creature comes up short on the idea of rise. He expressed, individuals are living being, however there is one thing that separate individuals from being a creature in particular, rising forces. In Bhaskars word People are living being, yet they are living being with rising forces. He included that our general public as well, have developing forces of human conduct to comprehend the general public better however then everything in the end winds up with his previous thought, everything is prior human conduct. In this para, Bhaskar clarifies how people are developing from the creature world and human force are the fixings in the creature world, that is the thing that make us human, that is the reason we are people. Bhaskar portrays that there is a credibility of good society, we need to endeavor and battle for making one. Bhaskar presumed that they may come to concur upon as far as considerable proposition. Yet, Rom and Charlie feels that we have just accomplished social build however they don't have the foggiest idea how we did it. While Bhaskar imagines that there is significantly increasingly difficult work to do. Also, it is something humankind could conceivably acquire unexpectedly. Be that as it may, it is there as an undertaking and good objective.

Coping With Siderodromophobia, or the Fear of Trains

Coping With Siderodromophobia, or the Fear of Trains Phobias Types Print Coping With Siderodromophobia, or the Fear of Trains By Lisa Fritscher Lisa Fritscher is a freelance writer and editor with a deep interest in phobias and other mental health topics. Learn about our editorial policy Lisa Fritscher Medically reviewed by on February 12, 2020 Sandra Baker / Getty Images More in Phobias Types Causes Symptoms and Diagnosis Treatment Siderodromophobia, or the fear of trains, is a broadly encompassing diagnosis that includes all fears related to trains. Some people fear  crashing, while others are afraid of the lack of control. Still, others do not directly fear  trains  but find them to be a trigger for other phobias such as claustrophobia,  social phobia, or  germ phobia. Understanding Siderodromophobia Siderodromophobia is a specific phobia that may be rooted in many different fears.  Depending on the severity of your phobia, symptoms like  shaking, sweating, gastrointestinal  symptoms,  or heart palpitations  may begin long before a scheduled train trip.  Anticipatory anxiety  is common, and in some cases, maybe even worse than the fear experienced during train travel. If you have  siderodromophobia, you might be afraid only of traditional  railroads, or your fear may encompass subways and monorails as well. Some people fear only subways or monorails, and not traditional railroads, but this is believed to be rare. But what about people who are afraid not of trains, but of their tracks? Do they technically have  siderodromophobia, or is it an entirely separate fear? Fears Related to Train Tracks Although it lacks an official phobia name, the fear of train tracks may not be that rare. A quick Internet search turns up hundreds of discussions involving this fear. The phobia of train tracks generally hinges on two main concerns: the fear of accidentally being stuck on the tracks and the fear of being pushed. These fears often encompass not only railroad tracks, but subway tracks as well. Many people report that subway platforms are particularly terrifying, as they worry about being pushed or falling onto the tracks below. Of course, train tracks and subway stations can be risky, and it only makes sense to use caution. Crowded platforms carry an increased risk of being accidentally jostled or pushed as everyone struggles to get onto an already-full train or subway car. Likewise, it is never a smart idea to stop on railroad tracks. Making sure there is enough room to get all the way across before proceeding is prudent. The phobia, however, goes far beyond simply using an abundance of caution. Common Causes The fear of being stuck on railroad tracks is often, though not always, related to a previous negative experience. If you have ever had a car stall on the tracks, you may be at increased risk for a phobia. However, the negative experience need not have happened to you. Every once in a while, a train derails or someone is struck by an oncoming train. Although these events are extremely rare, they generally receive ongoing media coverage for several days. Watching an accident on TV could be enough to spark a fear. If your parents were afraid of railroad tracks, you may be more likely to develop a similar fear. In addition, railroad tracks play a role in many urban legends and ghost stories. One popular legend states that in the 1930s or 1940s, a school bus full of children stalled on a railroad crossing near San Antonio, Texas. The driver and ten children were killed when the bus was hit by a speeding train. Today, if a vehicle is stopped near the tracks, it is said that their spirits will push the vehicle uphill over the tracks to safety. Supposedly if you sprinkle talcum powder on the trunk and rear bumper before trying this, you will see handprints in the dust. Whether that legend is true or not, it demonstrates how pervasive stories about railroad tracks have become. Another popular superstition involves picking up your feet when crossing a railroad track by car. The origins of this one are lost to time, but kids and even adults continue to follow this rule today. Coping With the Fear If your fear is mild, you may be able to contain it with self-help methods. Simply spending time at a railroad track or subway station near your home can help dissipate some of the fear.  Purposeful breathing, visualization,  and  meditation   relieve stress and can help ease panicky feelings. For some people, however, this fear becomes life-limiting. If your fear is severe, you might take long, circuitous routes to avoid crossing tracks. You may be unable to use the subway system or even take a public bus, as you would be unable to control the drivers route. If fear of train tracks severely impacts your life, it is best to seek professional assistance. Train phobia is highly treatable, with good rates of success. One of the most popular treatments is  cognitive-behavioral therapy. In this treatment, you will be taught to stop and redirect your negative thoughts about trains. You will also learn to change your behaviors regarding trains.  With proper treatment, this phobia can be successfully managed or even overcome.

Why Laboratory-Grown Meat Is Not Vegan

On August 5, 2013, Dutch scientist Mark Post presented the worlds first laboratory-grown burger at a press conference, where he shared the patty with two food critics. Although the foodies found the flavor lacking, Post stated that the purpose of the exercise was to show that it could be done; flavor could be improved later. Laboratory-grown meat may seem at once a Frankenfoods nightmare, as well as a solution to the animal rights and environmental concerns regarding meat-eating. While some animal protection organizations applaud the idea, meat grown in a laboratory could never be called vegan, would still be environmentally wasteful, and would not be cruelty-free. Laboratory-Grown Meat Contains Animal Products Although the number of animals affected would be greatly reduced, laboratory-grown meat would still require the use of animals. When scientists created the first laboratory-grown meat, they started with muscle cells from a live pig. However, cell cultures and tissue cultures typically do not live and reproduce forever. To mass-produce laboratory-grown meat on an ongoing basis, scientists would need a constant supply of live pigs, cows, chickens and other animals from which to take cells. According to The Telegraph, Prof Post said the most efficient way of taking the process forward would still involve slaughter. He said: Eventually my vision is that you have a limited herd of donor animals in the world that you keep in stock and that you get your cells from there. Furthermore, these early experiments involved growing the cells â€Å"in a broth of other animal products,† which means that animals were used and perhaps killed in order to create the broth. This broth is either the food for the tissue culture, the matrix upon which the cells were grown, or both. Although the types of animal products used were not specified, the product could not be called vegan if the tissue culture was grown in animal products. Later, The Telegraph reported that pig stem cells were grown using a serum taken from a horse fetus, although it is unclear whether this serum is the same as the broth of animal products used in the earlier experiments. Posts final experiments involved shoulder muscle cells taken from two organically raised calves and grown in a broth containing vital nutrients and serum from a cow fetus. Its Still Considered Wasteful Scientists are hopeful that laboratory-grown meat will reduce greenhouse gas emissions, but growing animal cells in a laboratory would still be a waste of resources, even if the cells were grown in a vegan medium. Traditional animal agriculture is wasteful because feeding grain to animals so that we can eat the animals is an inefficient use of resources. It takes 10 to 16 pounds of grain to produce one pound of feedlot beef. Similarly, feeding plant foods to a muscle tissue culture would be wasteful compared to feeding plant foods to people directly. Energy would also be required to â€Å"exercise† the muscle tissue, to create a texture similar to meat. Growing meat in a laboratory may be more efficient than feedlot beef because only the desired tissues would be fed and produced, but it cannot be more efficient than feeding plant foods directly to people. However, Pamela Martin, an associate professor of geophysical sciences at the University of Chicago, co-authored a paper on the increased greenhouse gas emissions of a meat-based diet over a plant-based diet, and questions whether laboratory-grown meat would be more efficient than traditional meat. Martin stated, â€Å"It sounds like an energy-intensive process to me.† As reported in the New York Times, Post replied to a question about whether vegetarians would like lab-grown meat, Vegetarians should remain vegetarian. That’s even better for the environment. Perpetuating Animal Use and Suffering Assuming that immortal cell lines from cows, pigs and chickens could be developed and no new animals would have to be killed to produce certain types of meat, the use of animals to develop new types of meat would still continue. Even today, with thousands of years of traditional animal agriculture behind us, scientists still try to breed new varieties of animals who grow larger and faster, whose flesh has certain health benefits, or who have certain disease resistance. In the future, if laboratory-grown meat becomes a commercially viable product, scientists will continue to breed new varieties of animals. They will continue to experiment with cells from different types and species of animals, and those animals will be bred, kept, confined, used and killed in the never-ending search for a better product. Also, because current research into laboratory-grown meat is using animals, it cannot be called cruelty-free  and purchasing the product would support animal suffering. While laboratory-grown meat would probably reduce animal suffering, it’s important to keep in mind that it is not vegan, it is not cruelty-free, its still wasteful, and animals will suffer for laboratory-grown meat.

The Beliefs That God And Love - 1375 Words

God and love are two words that I find intriguing since their definitions vary depending on who is defining it and their experience. The meaning of these words had raised my curiosity. The faithful beliefs that God and Love exists, the skeptical say those are just myths while others spend their life looking for them in the wrong places. I was baptized as a catholic when I was five, but no one ever asked me if that was something I wanted for myself. I went to church on Sundays mornings; I never understood any of the words the father was saying under his breath. It was a mumble I heard from far away. I looked around, and I realized I was not the only one trying not to fall asleep. When I reach the age for my first communion I had to memorize the orisons and prayers of the holy rosary, hail Mary, our father, among others. I was taught to bend my knees in front of a statue of a crucified man with a crown of thorns. His expression of sorrow and the whisper of people praying behind me made me uncomfortable but I follow the protocol. As I grew older I learned about the crusades and the used of God to justified violence. I questioned his existences, yet, if he was real, I refused to believe that he was present at this moment. If he exists why would he want to divide us like politicians do? Why should he create frontiers and discord among his own creation? Maybe, he will not, but a culture could. The same way I was taught to memorized prayers I hardly understand men could createShow MoreRelatedSummary Of The Symposium 1373 Words   |  6 Pagesfocus on the god Love and its merits. To pass time while they drink, Eryximachus suggests that each of the guests orate a eulogy of love. The guests proceed to participate in oration; however, their analysis of love may not be as objective as it seems. Rather than focus on an impartial view of the god, many of them have their own personal beliefs that they promote in each of their speeches. Several speeches heavily deviate from a speech about love, and turn it into a speech that uses love to supportRead MoreEuthyphro, A Dialogue Written By Plato1099 Words   |  5 Pagesâ€Å"Euthyphro†, a dialogue written by Plato, Euthyphro is faced with a series of questions from Socrates regarding what piety is. Euthyphro’s answers continuously contradict one another, and he cannot create a definition. Euthyphro makes reference to the Gods when stating a definition, which leads to the questions, is Euthyphro a theological voluntarist? After examining the claims of Euthyphro and the definition of theological voluntarism, it will become apparent that Euthyphro is not a theological voluntaristRead MoreThe Concepts Of Religious Faith1182 Words   |  5 Pagestheology, belief and spirituality are all interconnected and very easy to get mixed up. This is because they all have something to do with the other. Richard P. Mcbrien explains how religious faith, theology, beliefs, and spirituality are all connected. Theology follows faith and belief follows Theology. Faith is our personal knowledge of God through human experiences and our openness to his love. Theology is our understanding of faith as revealed by God and our articulation of it. Beliefs are acceptingRead MoreThe Ethical Dilemma Of Voluntary Euthanasia1125 Words   |  5 Pagesshe will be a burden on them. She wants to be euthanized to end her suffering There is an ethical dilemma granting Joni her wishes. I could forgo my Christian beliefs and find justification in assisting Joni with euthanasia. According to Humphry in his article, â€Å"Many Christians who believe in euthanasia justify it by reasoning that the God who they worship is loving and tolerant, would not wish to see them in agony† (Humphry, 2000, p. 5). To resolve this dilemma, I could choose to do one of the following:Read MoreThe Beliefs Of A Christian932 Words   |  4 Pages(iii) Their beliefs as a Christian. Over the years my Christian Beliefs have evolved, and I am a grateful for that. I have found that these conversations can turn negative very quickly without grace and love, for everyone is on journey, specifically the individuals I live life with that are experiencing homelessness and displacement. I do my best to be sensitive to everyone’s current understanding of God the Father, God the Son, and God the Holy Spirit. I find that when I am interacting and discussingRead MoreChristianity1417 Words   |  6 Pagesindividual believers and their communities. This contribution will be assessed using the common characteristics of beliefs, sacred text and writings and ethics. Christianity is a religion based on the life and teachings of Jesus. Christians share a set of beliefs that are important to their faith, they believe that God created the universe, God is a single ruler, Jesus is the son of God, Jesus suffered and was crucified for our sins and Heaven and Hell. Christian’s believe that when Jesus died andRead MoreMorality As Good Or Bad? Essay943 Words   |  4 Pagesdone this or he ought to have done that.† How can these be unless there was a supreme morality that we could compare our actions and thoughts against?† - C.W. Lewis, Author of â€Å"Mere Christianity† – The definition of morality is, best described as, â€Å"beliefs about what is right behavior and what is wrong behavior. The degree to which something is right and good. The moral goodness or badness of something†, according to Merriam-Webster Dictionary. An article from, Pursing the Truth Ministries, (http://wwwRead MoreEssay Antony Flew: The Existence and Belief Of God1741 Words   |  7 PagesAntony Flew: The Existence and Belief of God Antony Flew starts by telling the audience this story of two explorers that accidentally came upon a garden in a jungle. In this garden, there were many beautiful flowers and weeds. One explorer says, some gardener must tend this plot. While the other disagrees, there is no gardener. So, these two explorers tried to figure out who was right and who was wrong. They waited the whole night, but no gardener was ever seen. Then the BelieverRead MorePoem Analysis : The Little Black Boy 1296 Words   |  6 Pagesâ€Å"Through primrose tufts, in that green bower ,The periwinkle trailed its wreaths† showing his love for the natural world and how powerful it is in his view as he takes it to the same level as god in the lines â€Å"to her fair works did nature link ,the human soul that through me ran† implying that nature created the human soul ,as god did . The setting of the poem is reflective of William Wordworth’s belief also shown in his other poems, that only in nature’s splendour will a man find himself and hisRead MoreThe Common Prayer By Thomas Cranmer1526 Words   |  7 Pagesinsists that maintaining two prayer books is essential to the unity of the ACC. Consequently, the ACC is now without consensus on prayer or belief in worship (lex orandi: lex credendi). Traditional Anglicanism embraces Prosper of Aquitaine’s maxim, best known by its Latin tag, lex orandi, lex credendi (the law of prayer grounds/establishes the law of belief). The intimate relationship between the Gospel, liturgy, and service underlies this theological principle. Lex Orandi, Lex Credendi enshrines

Life or Death Free Essays

The death penalty is the center of a highly publicized controversy. The sentencing of the 18-year-old American Michael Fay to a caning in Singapore and Supreme Court Justice Harry Blackmun’s unequivocal public renunciation of capital punishment have intensified current debate over punishment in general and capital punishment in particular—the topic of this essay. The Fay controversy and the Blackmun declaration raise deep questions about how to get â€Å"the punishment to fit the crime† (Bedau 67). We will write a custom essay sample on Life or Death or any similar topic only for you Order Now This is a difficult issue. Why do, or should, we seek the death of some criminals? How might we define death punishment, the justification of which is being debated here? The argument of this paper is that punishment must involve unpleasant consequences for the one being punished of capital crimes – death. The myth persists that by sanctioning â€Å"an eye for an eye† the Bible is calling for the death sentence. Take a careful look. The same Mosaic laws (to be found principally in Exodus XXI and Deuteronomy XIX) that are all too commonly assumed to condone capital punishment also call for death. The Hebrew text, â€Å"An eye for an eye, a tooth for a tooth,† was meant to prohibit mass killings (Bedau 240). Is it justifiable for an authorized representative of society to inflict death on those found guilty of committing capital crimes? On the issue of capital punishment, there is as clear a clash of moral intuitions. Justice requires payment in kind and thus that murderers should die. Surely, the most convincing argument for the death penalty is that it protects innocent people by stopping convicted murderers from committing murder again. The death penalty is marginally necessary to deter crimes better than less severe penalties. More significant results come from the capital punishment’s restraining effect on the much larger population where can be future killers—what criminologists name as general deterrence. Testimony for death penalty’s general deterrent effect is found in three sources: logic, firsthand reports, and social science research. Logic presents the conclusion that the capital punishment is the most effective deterrent for some kinds of killers. As Professor James Q. Wilson has said: â€Å"People are governed in their daily lives by rewards and penalties of every sort. We shop for bargain prices, praise our children for good behavior and scold them for bad, expect lower interest rates to stimulate home building and fear that higher ones will depress it, and conduct ourselves in public in ways that lead our friends and neighbors to form good opinions of us. To assert that ‘deterrence doesn’t work’ is tantamount to either denying the plainest facts of everyday life or claiming that would-be criminals are utterly different from the rest of us† (Bedau 189). Many murderers on death row declare that they did not think of the death penalty when they killed people. This is surely true. That is exactly the point. If they had thought of future death penalty, they would not have committed their horrible murders. The death penalty for the murderers makes a number of assumptions about the relationship between death punishment and the well being of those who suffered loss as a result of the crime. It is assumed that there is a â€Å"zerosum† relationship between the welfare of the victim’s relative and that of the offender: the greater the suffering to be inflicted on the offender, the better the victim’s loved ones should feel (Bedau 231). Perhaps a linkage of the selected penalty to the feelings of satisfaction of the victim’s relatives becomes a self-fulfilling prophecy, with the relatives feeling rewarded by the jury’s choice of death penalty. The death penalty serves to release tensions in people, that it makes them feel that justice is being done. However, the imposition of the death penalty must be constitutional which imposes a dual procedure for the death penalty: first, conviction beyond a reasonable doubt for the act(s); and second, a separate sentencing hearing in which evidence relevant to personal culpability is admissible. The court, prior to imposition of the death penalty, have to find the existence of certain aggravating factors and the absence of relevant mitigating factors (for example, age, psychiatric history, family background, and the like); the death penalty judgment, in turn, is subject to appellate review as its fairness and the absence of invidious factors. Works Cited Bedau, Hugo Adam. Debating the Death Penalty: Should America Have Capital Punishment? The Experts on Both Sides Make Their Best Case. Oxford University Press: New York. Publication Year: 2004.    How to cite Life or Death, Essay examples

The Blind Side free essay sample

With no real special effects to speak of, the design team had to rely on the basics such as lighting, camera angle, costumes, and props to recreate the events and capture the feel of the story. A look into the scene where Michael is first approached by Leigh Anne Tuohy and invited into their home will give a good indication whether or not they were able to accomplish their task. The responsibility of creating a quality motion picture lies with the members of the design team. Individually and collectively the director, production designer, art director, and cinematographer must combine their knowledge and creative abilities to create a great movie. Each of these areas is vital to creating a great movie that will capture the viewers’ attention and make the movie an enjoyable occasion for them. In a movie like The Blind Side where the movie is more of a character study and the events are true the design team faces some challenges. We will write a custom essay sample on The Blind Side or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page They have to work without the benefit of special effects to keep the audience interested while depicting an accurate portrayal of the facts and the characters. All movies really start the production process with a vision from the director when they read a script. With The Blind Side the story was originally written and released as a book by Michael Lewis in 2006, then was adapted for screenplay and directed by John Lee Hancock in (2009). The story involves Michael and the entire Tuohy family including Sean, Leigh Anne, teenage daughter Collins, and son Sean â€Å"S. J. † Junior. However it seems that Hancock has put the main focus on the relationship between Michael and Leigh Anne throughout the movie just as in the scene Do You Have Any Place to Stay? Hancock says â€Å"It really is two different stories, one of which is more of a question: Who is Michael Oher and why did the stars align to shine so brightly on this kid from the projects in Memphis? And then on the other side, it’s a great story about how this unique family evolved, and the unconventional mother son relationship at its center. (The Blind Side Full Production Notes www. madeinatlantis. com ) Hancock must ensure that every element is in place to scenes captured on film are as he envisioned them. The production designer has a long list of duties that begin early in production. The production designer first must collaborate with the director and cinematographer to establish the visual feel and specific needs of the project. The production designer also directs key staff members in other departments such as the costume designer, the key hair and make-up stylists, the special effects director and the locations manager. In The Blind Side in designing the sets, Production Designer Michael Corenblith says he wanted to emphasize the disparity between East Memphis, where wealthy families like the Tuohys live, and the poverty of Hurt Village, where Michael grew up on the other side of town. The Blind Side Full Production Notes www. madeinatlantis. com) After filming sites have been determined the art director must begin their work. The art director reports to the production designer, and more directly oversees artists and craftspeople, such as the set designers, graphic artists, and illustrators who give form to the production design as it develops. In the Blind Si de Art Director Thomas Minton and Production designer Michael Corenblith worked closely together in designing the sets. Since this was a true story they really wanted the audience to relate to the story and identify with the settings. It was vital that they capture the reality of the different environments that the Tuohys and Oher were brought up in. The next step was for Hancock and cinematographer Alar Kivilo to work out lighting and camera angles for the movie. This particular scene takes place on a cold damp night and it appears they chose to use natural light. The idea of course was to capture the natural look and feel of night. The camera focuses on whoever is speaking whether it is Michael or Leigh Anne in order to let the audience get a better visual feel for the individual traits and emotions of the character. The camera also lets the viewers see and get a feel for the emptiness on the road and how alone Michael Oher really is. Along with how cold and alone Michael is this scene also gives a glimpse in the differences between the Tuohy’s and Ohers places in life. The Tuohy’s arrive on the scene in the warmth and comfort of what appears to be a rather new luxury suv, while Michael strolls slowly alone in the cold wet night. When Leigh Anne gets out of the Touy’s suv and approaches Michael her appearance definitely gives the viewers the impression she is well off. Her hair and make-up appear to be perfect and her clothes look new and expensive. In contrast Michael stands there in only a pair of dirty worn out shorts and a faded, dingy short sleeve t shirt. The differences that are between the privileged affluent Tuohys and the under-privileged Michael Oher are obvious to the audience. The overall artistic vision of this film was fantastic. The design team did a great job of making it possible for the audience to identify with the characters and their situations. All the elements of design worked together effectively to help create their mood and fulfill the directors vision of the film. What a great movie this turned out to be. The design team had to rely on lighting, camera angle, costumes, and props to capture the real feel of the story. The 2009 film The Blind Side was based on a true story about Michael Oher, an African American teenager taken in by Leigh Ann Tuohy. The blind side free essay sample Michael soon becomes part of the family and is eventually adopted by the Tuhoy family. Due to his adoption by the Tuhoy family (a wealthy, white family I might add) friends of the Tuhoys start questioning the relationship based off of his race. Michael Oher also struggled with his grades but eventually brings his terrible grades up and starts playing football. He then becomes a star and goes on to play football for Ole miss despite NCAA investigating his family for believing the Tuhoy adopted Michael for the school and not loveable/personal reasons. In 2009 Oher was a 1st round draft pick in the 2009 NFL Draft. He was drafted to the Baltimore Ravens and still plays with them today. C. Michael Ohers self-esteem was at the lowest it could have possibly been at the beginning of the movie. He was separated from his mom at seven, tossed through foster care throughout most of his life, and never had a family to call his own. We will write a custom essay sample on The blind side or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page In the end he has a family that loves and cares for him and is making millions of dollars in the NFL. That is an obvious self-esteem change. D. Oher got support from the Tuhoy family. They offered him a place to sleep when he had nowhere to go. They gave him the family and the unconditional love that Michael never had. They even helped him to improve his grades even though according to many people that he was Just plain stupid. E. Michael Oher as a teenager procrastinated when he had to bring his grades up to play football but with some discipline he was able to get the grades he needed to go to play football and go to college. F. Michael Oher definitely counted his blessings because he had many of them. Those blessing were much bigger than his problems G. This movie can really teach you to be grateful for what you have. As you can see there are many people in this world who doesnt have a family that loves them, a place to sleep, and a place to eat. My current goal right now is to get into college. The biggest way for me to get in is to ace my ACT so I can go to any college of my choosing. With lots of studying, no procrastination, and education I believe I can achieve that goal. The Blind Side free essay sample Belonging is a sense of enlightenment felt when an individual gains an understanding of themselves in relation to others and society. Once the characters belong to their family and to themselves, belonging to society and the rest of the world becomes easy. â€Å"Looking for Alibrandi† by Marlina Marchetta and the film â€Å"The Blind Side† directed by John Lee Hancock, both show how each character gains an understanding of themselves and their family therefore leading to them to belong to society. Throughout the novel, Josie’s perceptions of herself and Nonna’s relationship undergo a significant transformation. Initially, Josie does not feel she belongs to her Nonna because of the limitations she places on her. It is only at the end of the novel that Josie learns the true heart-ache and suffering her Nonna went through for her mother. Marchetta uses the intimate feel of a diary to relate to the story of the three women bound by strong ties of family. We will write a custom essay sample on The Blind Side or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page It shows how each of the women belongs to each other and it also shows the barriers to their relationships. Linear Structure gives the book a strong sense of continuity and ensures a steady pace of the story line. At the beginning of the novel Josie says â€Å"She drives me crazy. Sometimes I have to grit my teeth sometimes to control myself†, showing that she does not feel she belongs to her Nonna. Towards the end she states â€Å"I cried because I was loved by two of the strongest women I would ever meet in my lifetime†. The discovery that she does truly belong to her Nonna encourages Josie to be her own person and to live her life emancipated from any rigid stereotypes that are barriers to belonging. Once she belongs to her Nonna, she then realises she belongs to herself, making belonging to society easier. Cultural identity is a very strong factor in Josie’s life. At first it is a barrier to her belonging to society and she rails against it as being old-fashioned and sexist. She realises towards the end of the book that her culture has made her who she is and what she is capable of becoming. Throughout the novel her references to her culture are often sarcastic or mocking. Josie asserts light heartedly that without the Italian tendency for being chatty and loud â€Å"Telecom would go broke†. Marchetta uses humour to show how Josie speaks with the voice of today’s youth and she speaks of issues that are contemporary and with which readers can relate to. Initially, at school especially, she feels victimised by her race and doesn’t belong. She is bitter and resentful to those not like her and often resorts to physical abuse in response to ‘wog’ insults. â€Å"Simply because like religion, culture is nailed into you so deep you can’t escape it†. This conveys that even though sometimes Josie wishes she wasn’t Italian that makes her who she is. After she learns to accept that towards the end of the novel, she starts to belong to herself and to her culture and then making it easier to belong to her school. At first Josie does not feel as if she belongs to her family, however she comes to a realisation that her culture isn’t a barrier to her belonging; she can then belong to herself and to society. Just like Josie, Michael Oher realises that his race isn’t a barrier to belonging to his family, he belongs to himself and he becomes accepted in society. The Blind Side free essay sample â€Å"The Blind Side† is a movie based on the true events in Michael Oher’s life as he went from being homeless with no father and a mother addicted to drugs, to a star football player in the NFL. Before Oher became number 74 on the Baltimore Ravens, he had little to no schooling. However, Oher also gained support after the Tuohy family provided him with a home and an opportunity. Michael Oher and his character, as portrayed in â€Å"The Blind Side†, both struggled with education for many years before attaining a successful career. There are similarities and differences between his character in the book and in the movie. Michael Oher was born on May 28, 1986 in Memphis Tennessee to Denise Oher and Michael Jerome Williams, whom he never met. His father was murdered when Oher was in high school and although he had his mother around, she was addicted to crack cocaine. We will write a custom essay sample on The Blind Side or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Michael was among 13 other struggling siblings. The children didn’t live together, they were scattered about town trying to live on their own. Michael Oher was homeless, looking for couches or benches to sleep on each night. He was also in and out of foster homes. Michael had so sense of a stable environment.. In the movie, Michael was staying with a friend, Tony Henderson. He had allowed Oher to crash on his couch for the night and decided to have him tag along while he enrolled his own son Steven at Briarcrest Christian School. This was Michael’s first step into education. Prior to this, Michael had repeated first and second grade He never had someone to push him in school, therefore he was never motivated to try. During Michael’s first nine years of education, he had attended eleven different schools. According to The New York Times, Oher had not even attended school for about eighteen months when he was around the age of ten. It is also said that Michael had lost transcripts and was given credit for being in class when he was not present. There were also no records of Oher attending the third grade. Steve Simpson, the principal at Briarcrest, â€Å"knew they passed kids up to the next grade because they found it too much trouble to flunk them†. However, Michael was not willing to have an education at this time. He was often not in class. One record shows that Oher was absent 46 days of a single term of his first-grade year. According to The Ballad of Big Mike, during the 2003 football season at Briarcrest, Oher was still living with several foster families and a football teammate. Steve Simpson was the principal at Briarcrest at the time. Michael was sixteen years old with a measured IQ of 80. Simpson had not seen anyone in a single digit percentile. He had been in the public school system for 30+ years and claimed that teachers had given Michael passing grades just so they wouldn’t have to flunk him. The schools wanted to get rid of Oher. This is the reason he attended so many different schools. His freshman year in high school, Michael played varsity football for a public high school in Memphis called Westwood. According to his transcripts, he had missed a total of fifty days during that year. However, Briarcrest was Michael’s big opportunity to head in the right direction. Tony Henderson personally phoned the principal and said he wanted him in his football program. However, since Michael’s education was not up to par, the principal had agreed to accept him if he completed a home study program. Oher was later accepting into the school but was not allowed at participate in any sports. Jennifer Graves ran the programs for students with special needs at Briarcrest for nine years. She questioned why Michael was accepted into Briarcrest. She once said â€Å"Big Mike had no conception of what real school was about,† she says. â€Å"He’d never have his books with him, didn’t speak in class, nothing. He had no academic background, no foundation at all. † Michael nearly failed every class and the teachers were discouraging. Even Graves said that â€Å"he was a blank slate† meaning that he had been taught nothing in the past and yet he was in the 10th grade. Oher struggled until Leigh Anne Touhy came into his life. It wasn’t until 2004 that the Tuohy family brought him into his home. Before meeting with a tutor that the Tuohy’s provided, Michael’s GPA was a 0. 6. Leigh Anne soon took over Michael’s education completely. She would keep up with grades and encourage Michael. Leigh Anne knew that in order for Oher to play college football, he would need a 2. 65 overall GPA. She then contacted all of Michael’s teachers and asked what Oher needed to do in order to receive a B in the class. Michael still continued to struggle and this was when Leigh Anne contacted Ms. Sue Mitchell. Miss Sue worked with Oher until he was able to raise his grades. In the movie, Miss Sue also met with Michael numerous times in order to improve his education. Miss Sue worked with Oher five nights a week for a total of twenty hours. She received no payment in return either. She sometimes got frustrated but she got attached to Michael and wanted to get him into college. Preferably Ole Miss because this is where she went to college. Due to this help, Michael managed to raise his grade point average to a 2. 05 GPA by the end of his junior year. However, in order to get into a NCAA Division 1 school, he needed to have a 2. 5. Miss Sue also worked with him to achieve this. By the end of his senior year, he had a 2. 52 GPA. In order to achieve the required GPA, Oher took a Brigham Young University course that would replace poor grades with better grades in a single summer. By the end of this course, Michael’s GPA reached over the required limit. After this, Oher started to receive scholarships from various colleges. He received offers from the University of Tennessee, Louisiana State University, Alabama, North Carolina State, Auburn University, and others. Michael finally accepted a scholarship from the University of Mississippi. Michael started at guard then moved to left tackle. He played eleven games for Ole Miss and started ten of them. He was then selected as first team freshman All-American. He kept climbing up the ladder. His sophomore year in college he was selected as second team All-American.. According to The Blind Side: How Michael Oher Made It, after playing just three years for Ole Miss, Michael Oher became eligible for the NFL draft. However, Oher declared that he wanted to return to the University of Miami for his senior year. Oher continued to do well in his college career. Not only did he succeed in football, but he also made the honor roll his senior and sophomore year. Michael graduated college going into the NFL draft. He also received a degree in criminal justice. Michael Oher started off homeless with very little education. The Tuohy family provided him with an opportunity kids like him do not normally get. Oher took full advantage of this and worked hard in order to get where he is today. According to Sean Tuohy, The Movie The Blind Side is almost 100% accurate. It truly shows the struggle of Michael Oher and how he was able to obtain an education, a career, and a family.